Once foaling is over, an important period begins where both mare and foal need close observation. The first few hours are critical to making sure everything is progressing as it should.
Newborn foals usually try to stand quite quickly after birth. The goal is for the foal to be standing within one hour and nursing within two hours. Some foals may need a little help finding the udder. Colostrum is essential, as it contains antibodies that protect the foal during its earliest days of life.
If the mare has been leaking milk before foaling, or if the foal is slow to start nursing, a veterinarian can take a blood sample 12–24 hours after birth to check whether the foal has received enough antibodies.
It is also important that the foal begins to pass meconium — the first stool that builds up in the intestines before birth. It is typically dark, sticky, and tar-like. Once this has passed, the droppings become lighter and more normal in consistency. If the foal struggles to pass it, veterinary help or a mild laxative may be needed. It is also important to confirm that the foal is urinating normally.
The mare should pass the placenta within a few hours after foaling. If it has not been expelled within six hours, a veterinarian should be contacted. The placenta should also be checked to ensure it has come out complete.
When both mare and foal are doing well, they can begin to move around freely. If the foal is born in a stable, it is often beneficial to let them outside together after a couple of days (weather permitting), gradually increasing turnout time.
In rare cases, complications may occur with the mare after foaling. If needed, the Foal and Foster Mare Emergency Service can help find a suitable foster mare. The service is free of charge and open to all breeds.
Source: Agria – For Those Expecting a Foal
